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沙坪坝各式各样的汽车曲轴及连杆

作者:时间:2020-02-27 17:20:4691779 次浏览

信息摘要:

1.曲轴

 曲轴是发动机的重要零件,其承受来自活塞经连杆传来的力,形成绕它本身轴线而作用的矩,并将这扭矩输出给汽车传动系,所以曲轴应该具有足够的强度。而轴颈表面则要有高度的磨性以保证足够长的使用寿命。曲轴是一种典型的轴类复杂锻件,轴线弯曲,沿轴线横截面积变化影烈,大部分曲轴的最大横截面积与连杆轴颈横截面积之比大于5,形状复杂系数小于3.2,属较复杂锻件。其分为平面分模曲轴和曲面分模曲轴,对于高宽比大的平衡块不易充满,偏心距大的连杆曲颈两端的曲臂不易充满。平衡块模膛之间的凸缘易磨损、变形,断裂,预锻平衡块之间连皮形状和体积设计必须适当,是决定曲轴平衡块是否充满和模具凸缘磨损程度的重要因素。对曲面分模曲轴,其分模面走向是设计的关键,直接关系到曲轴锻件成形质量、锻模寿命和锻模制造。

 2.连杆

 连杆把活塞所受的力传给曲轴并和曲轴一起把活塞的往复运动转变为曲轴的旋转运动,其每个循环中承受交替两次拉应力和压应力,受力频率很高。由于连杆承受很大的载荷,并在转动的疲劳载荷下工作,故连杆不仅对强度有较高的要求,而且对质量公差提出高的要求。连杆中部形状复杂,模锻时,其工字形杆部易产生折叠,特别是工字形底部宽高比大于5的连杆更易产生折叠。解决措施主要是控制坯料体积和预、终锻工字形部位横截面积的比值,并挤压成形。另外连杆在切边时极易变形,可以在设计终锻模膛时,采用尺寸补偿来解决,但这要求锻造温度和生产节拍恒定,还必须保证切边刃口质量。最好采用切边和校正复合模。近年又出现胀断连杆新技术。

 3.转向节

 转向节是汽车底盘上导向的关键零件,其支承汽车质量,又受到转向机构操纵,实现汽车转向,是汽车典型锻件里最复杂的锻件,其复杂系数大都小于0.16。转向节形状复杂式样多,按转向节的形状结构,大致可以分成三大类九种,即带杆(也称指轴)转向节、无杆转向节和少量其他类转向节。其锻造工艺可分为水平卧锻和立锻挤压两种。对于水平卧锻工艺,其压扁、镦粗劈料好坏,直接影响锻造成形和材料利用率。对于立锻挤压工艺主要体现在挤压坯设计和挤压模膛设计上,如何合理分配转向节各部体积是锻造成形成败的关键,也是复杂转向节模锻成形的难点



1.connecting rod

 The connecting rod transfers the force received by the piston to the crankshaft and converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into a rotary motion of the crankshaft together with the crankshaft. It receives two alternating tensile and compressive stresses in each cycle, and the frequency of the force is very high. Because the connecting rod bears a large load and works under rotating fatigue loads, the connecting rod not only has higher requirements for strength, but also puts forward high requirements for quality tolerances.

 Connecting rodis complex. When it is forged, the I-shaped rod part is prone to fold, especially the connecting rod with an I-shaped bottom width ratio greater than 5 is more prone to fold. The solution is mainly to control the volume and The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the pre-finished and final forged I-shaped parts, and extruded. In addition, the connecting rod is easily deformed when trimming. It can be solved by using size compensation when designing the final forging die cavity, but this requires forging temperature and The production cycle is constant, and the quality of the cutting edge must be guaranteed. It is best to use the cutting edge and correct the compound mold. In recent years, new technology of expanding and breaking the connecting rod has appeared.

 2.Steering Knuckle

  Steering knuckle is a key component for guiding on the chassis of a car. It supports the mass of the car and is manipulated by the steering mechanism to achieve steering of the car. It is the most complex forging in a typical car forging, and its complexity coefficient is mostly less than 0.16. . The shape of the steering knuckle is complex and there are many types. According to the shape and structure of the steering knuckle, it can be roughly divided into three categories and nine types, that is, the knuckle with a rod (also referred to as a finger shaft), the knuckle without a rod, and a few other types of knuckles. The forging process can be divided into two types: horizontal horizontal forging and vertical forging. For the horizontal horizontal forging process, the quality of flattening and upsetting splitting directly affects the forging and material utilization. For the vertical forging extrusion process is mainly reflected in the design of the extrusion billet and the design of the extrusion die cavity, how to reasonably allocate the volume of the knuckle parts is the key to the failure of forging, and also the difficult point of forging the complex knuckle.

 

 


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