和每辆汽车一样，锻件形状及数目也各异。
根据开式模锻时，锻件主轴线与其他两方向尺寸的关系，可将锻件分为两大类七种，即短轴类锻件和长轴类锻件。闭式模锻时，按金属流动分挤压和镦挤，即第三大类是挤压类锻件，另外还有顶镦(镦锻)类锻件，顶镦又分为两大类，即杆件顶镦件和管件顶镦件，各类锻件均有自己的锻造特点。锻造时锻击方向与主轴线平行，金属沿长、宽、高三个方向同时变形流动，属于体积变形
2.长轴类锻件及其锻造特点
长轴类锻件主轴线方向的尺寸远大于其他两方向尺寸，其又分为直长轴线类、弯曲轴线类、枝芽类、叉类，例如中间轴、前轴、曲轴、离合器拔叉、分离叉、连杆、卧锻转向节等
锻造时锻击方向与主轴线垂直，变形金属沿长度(主轴线)方向的变形流动较少，可以近似看成是平面变形.
Like every car, the shape and number of forgings vary.
According to the relationship between the main axis of the forging and the dimensions in the other two directions during the open die forging, the forgings can be divided into two categories and seven types, that is, short-axis forgings and long-axis forgings. During closed die forging, extrusion and upsetting are divided according to metal flow, that is, the third category is extrusion type forgings, and there are also top-forging (upsetting) types of forgings. Top-up is divided into two categories, namely rods. Forging pieces and pipe pieces, various types of forgings have their own forging characteristics. When forging, the forging direction is parallel to the main axis. The metal deforms and flows simultaneously in three directions: length, width and height, which is a volume deformation.
2. Long shaft forgings and forging characteristics
The dimensions of the long axis forgings in the main axis direction are much larger than those in the other two directions. They are further divided into straight and long axis types, curved axis types, branch and bud types, and fork types, such as intermediate shafts, front shafts, crankshafts, clutch forks, and separation. Forks, connecting rods, horizontal forged knuckles, etc.
When forging, the forging direction is perpendicular to the main axis, and the deformation flow of the deformed metal along the length (main axis) is less, which can be regarded as a plane deformation.
.
